Critiquing Three Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles

Critiquing Three Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles Foreign Language Learners Use and Perception of Online Dictionaries: A Survey Study In the article entitled Foreign Language Learners Use and Perception of Online Dictionaries: A Survey Study, Jin and Deifell (2013) discussed the function, the role, and the importance of online dictionaries to support foreign language learners. Both authors identified the initial problem in the research that foreign language learners found difficulty in understanding language forms due to its in-depth use in sentences. However, the issue was resolved through highlighting the impact of using online dictionaries to facilitate learning. The review of literature offered great ideas how online dictionaries influenced students’ learning a language. The importance of dictionaries in language has always been beneficial as Jin and Deifell (2013) examined the perceptions and uses of the foreign language learners through bilingual online dictionaries. In fact, the literature review was balanced, which presented pieces of reviewed literature to support the claim that online dictionaries were useful to the foreign language learners. The use of resources and references was recent, and the discussion of the topic was based on the theoretical framework. Indeed, the variables were clearly defined where the respondents joined through a web-based survey (Jin Deifell, 2013, p. 519). The method of research, the use of research instrument, the sample, the data analysis, and the result and the conclusion were discussed to inform the readers to deliberate further research. In the end, this article provided pieces of information that online dictionaries helped learners create and decipher digitally mediated written texts. They considered online dictionaries essential in language learning. However, they reported that not all were reliable due to the disparity of quality in online dictionaries across languages. Thus, foreign learners should use copious online glossaries and other digital resources to help them learn the intended language. Optimizing the Learning of a Second Language Vocabulary: An Experimental Research In an article entitled Optimizing the Learning of a Second Language Vocabulary, Atkinson (1972) identified the problem to improve the learning of a large German-English vocabulary. Atkinson (1972) mentioned four enhancement strategies, which he assessed experimentally. He used four strategies to understand the problem. Firstly, he utilized some items in a random order. Secondly, he determined the experiment trial of the involving items. Thirdly and fourthly, he used the strategy based on decision-theoretic analysis of the instructional task or based on a mathematical model of the learning process. As such, this research would need an experimentation to identify its implications and theoretical analysis. In this study, the review of related literature discussed students could optimize their learning through a language. It was necessary to improve the second learning since the vocabularies may be different from the native language learning of the first language learning. In fact, the use of dictionaries in language was beneficial as Atkinson (1972) examined the perceptions and uses of the second language learners. In fact, the literature review was balanced, which presented studies to answer the hypothesis (p. 129). The utilization of the references was not recent; however, the result was compelling. The discussion of results was based on the theoretical and analytical framework, which the variables were evidently defined. The samples participated in an online survey. Above all, this article provided a good result that improving vocabularies of the second language helped learners acquire more vocabularies. At end of the research, the method of research, the use of research instrument, the data analysis, and the result and the conclusion were conferred profoundly to recommend further studies. Communicating Organizational Change: Strategies for Communicating Change A Content Analysis In an article entitled Communicating Organizational Change: Strategies for Communicating Change, Nordin (2014) tried to explore perceptions of workforces concerning change in the organizational communication and to develop change results in an organizational situation. He also mentioned that the organizational leaders would face some growing pressures to implement change of plans and strategies to answer efficiently to the growing business competition. Nordin believed that such change would often entail structural rearrangement and develop new tasks. Although Nordin identified the need for organizational change, he recognized the needs of the organizations, developed strategies to communicate successfully, and initiated steps to change the course of actions when problems occurred. In this article, Nordin integrated the review of literature that offered great ideas how they could improve their communication strategies. Indeed, this article highlighted the need to demonstrate face-to-face communication, provide a constant communication practice for long-term change endeavors and frequent communication, and initiate effective communication strategies for organizational and ethical discussions. In the experimentation, the participants indicated that mood of communication affected the employees’ perceptions regarding organizational change (Nordin, 2014, p. 136). In fact, in this research, the use of resources was recent to offer new information, and the topic was, indeed, based on the theoretical framework. Hence, the method of research, the use of research instrument, the sample study, the data analysis, and the result and the conclusion were discussed profoundly to inform the readers to deliberate further research. In the end, this article delivered that effective communication could promote effective organizational change. Effective communication helped the readers and learners understand better regarding business and organizational problems. In this article, it suggested that effective communication played a vital role in business meetings, conferences, and plans towards success. That is why Nordin recognized the needs of the organizational change through effective communication strategies. References Deifell, E., Jin, L. (2013, December). Foreign language learners use and perception of online dictionaries: A survey study. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 515 – 526. Atkinson, R. C. (1972). Optimizing the learning of a second language vocabulary. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Vol. 96, No. 1, pp. 124 – 129. Nordin, E. J. (2014). Communicating Organizational Change: Strategies for Communicating Change. San Antonio, Texas, USA: The Clute Institute International Academic Conference, pp. 134 – 140.

Interview Of A Patrol Officer - 1407 Words

Interview of a Patrol Officer Jeanie C. Johnson Faulkner University MJA – 5340 Policing in America May 6, 2016 Abstract An examination of the patrol officer’s jobs and duties took place. The gathering of information and interviewing a seasoned patrol offer assisted in this examination. The city in which the patrol officer works is also studied. Research of the city of Hueytown’s population and history helped to understand the demographics and crime within the city. While Hueytown’s violent crimes are low, thefts and burglaries rank the highest. Communities, including the city of Hueytown, place patrol officers on the streets in order to protect and serve. Officer Louis Phillips, Jr. gave an interview that takes an in depth look at his journey as a patrol officer. Interview of a Patrol Officer Part One: Research In 1825, Abner McGee entered into a tract of land, now known as Hueytown, Alabama. In 1833 Mortimor Jordan purchased thousands of acres of land from McGee and Octavus Spencer. Several other people bought these tracts of land at an auction. Sam and Jesse Huey settled in the lower part of the country and obtained land on Valley Creek near the Rock Creek Settlement (Smith, 1962, para. 1-3). Hueytown is located in western Jefferson County, Alabama. As of the 2010 Census the population of Hueytown was 16,105 (censusviewer.com). The city has a history of farming, but also known for the steel and coal mining industry. The city is proud to be the home of racecar driver,Show MoreRelatedCity Of Aurora, Its Immigrant Population, And Police Department1646 Words   |  7 Pagesthe neighborhood (Hernandez et al., 2013). According to an officer interviewed, the north Aurora or the â€Å"Old Aurora† can be characterized as low income, high density, high percentage of immigrants, high volume of calls for police services, and high crime rates compared to South east region. The Aurora Police Department (APD) is a law enforcement agency with 665 sworn officers and 135 civilians (APD, 2015). The ratio of about 2 police officers per 1,000 residents is higher than the average of similarRead MoreRecruiting in Federal and State Law Enforcement Agencies Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagesthis time are recruiting include the Border Patrol and the Texas Probation. These two fields include some of the most extensive hiring process that is out there. A probation officer has many duties to fulfill. They are not only supervising the offenders that live within the community, but monitoring each probationer’s progress. The offender must stay away of any trouble, and comply with the rules and regulations required. A probation officer should help the offender resume a better, productiveRead MorePatrol Officers1069 Words   |  5 PagesPatrol Officers are not assigned a case to try and solve. In most major cities police departments have enough personal to cover every aspect of a crime, however, the role of the patrol officer during investigations has increased. On page 23, in the book, under the patrol officer as an investigator, it mentions that the role of the patrol officer has been limited, however, as time continues that same role seem to increase. The role of the patrol officer has taken over some of the same responsibilitiesRead MoreFederal Law Enforcement Careers Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesThe offender mu st stay away of any trouble, yet comply with the rules and regulations required. A probation officer should help the offender resume a better, productive life for themselves. They should also make it their duty to help them to rehabilitate and be placed back into the society. The officer must be able to conduct a home, school, and office visits as well. Probation officers must obtain a good responsibilities for maintaining transcript files, writing reports, ordering referrals, beingRead MoreCommunity Policing And The Community Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pagestraditional strategies of policing, community oriented policing has been adopted by two-thirds of agencies in order to enhance public safety and control crime. (Gardiner, 148, 2016). In the first place, this innovative strategy allows law enforcement officers to accomplish a level of respect and cooperation of the community through close working relationships between the citizens and the agency. â€Å"The key to infusing community policing throughout the department is by restructuring agency management, inRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Is Focused On Waging War On Crime896 Words   |  4 Pageslocal-level. Therefore, county law enforcement, such as the officer highlighted in this paper, plays a large factor in keeping communities safe through controlling and preventing crime. As part of the career exploration assignment I decided to interview a local officer who has made a positive impact on Nelson County as well as performs his job with the upmost care in order to keep our community safe. Officer Adrian (A.J.) Lewis is a sheriff patrol deputy for the Nelson County Sheriff Department locatedRead MoreA Report On The Police Service1446 Words   |  6 Pages I spent my third and fourth session of my practicum with Constable Dwayne Harrison and Constable Paul Davis. Both members of the Lethbridge Regional Police Service (LRPS) are in the patrol unit; responding to calls and investigating. Patrol work is broad, responding to calls that mostly consist of theft, mischief, and domestic. It defines the police as a public service and making the public happy to have someone to solve their problems. The first stop Harrison and I made was in the industrial areaRead MoreCareer Research Paper : Police Officers763 Words   |  4 Pages7 October 2015 Period 4 Career Research Paper Police officers are responsible for protecting people and property. Related job titles include Sheriffs and sheriffs deputy, detectives, and state police officers. However all of these job titles have similar duties for example they are all responsible for the protection of people and property. These job titles might be very similar but they do differ in many ways. Police officers patrol the city issuing citations keeping the peace and conduct trafficRead MorePolice Officers Vs. Roman Empire1005 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Police officers are required to maintain law and are bound by law themselves. Police functions are about the objective of the police; not what they do. Police provide assistance to the public 24 hours a day 7 days a week. For most people, just knowing that there are police officers driving or walking around it usually makes them feel more secure. Police officers tend to be a positive role model. History One of the earliest known methods of policing was called kin policing;Read MoreResponsible For Enforcing Local, State And Federal Laws717 Words   |  3 Pages Responsible for enforcing local, state and federal laws in accordance to Louisiana State Police policies and regulations. I patrol local, state, and federal roads and highways conducting traffic stops and administering roadside interviews and interrogations. My areas of focus include impaired drivers, stolen vehicles, drug and human trafficking, and many other crimes in progress. I issue traffic citations to drivers of personal and commercial vehicle sin accordance to local, state and federal law

Personality Traits in Carlitos Way Essay Example For Students

Personality Traits in Carlitos Way Essay Walter Miller believes that this lower class group has for centuries possessed their own culture and traditions with a fundamentally different from those in the higher class. This suggests that this lower class culture has been passed on for many generations. He has broken his focal concerns down into six parts. Toughness, smartness, excitement, fate and trouble (Riveron). Toughness in the lower class culture represents a combination of things. The most important aspect is physical toughness showed by the possession of strength and endurance in athletics. 5% of males in the lower class come from female based households with little to no male presence. The males can be sensitive and not fight, but must fake it while in the streets. They can’t back down or show fear, the men show an exaggeration of masculinity(Goode 106). Smartness is the aspect of mental toughness. You must be able to outwit and con others, but also have the ability to be able to know when someone is trying to con you. This requires the male to have mental quickness over physicality. With smartness comes the area of â€Å"the dirty dozens† which means you should be able to take part in a mutual insult interchange with your peer group(Goode 107). Excitement can also be referred to asâ€Å"flirting with danger. † They find this in alcohol, gambling, playing cards, betting on horses and dice(Goode 108). It is an emotional reaction to a change in routine, essentially, taking things from your neighborhood and bringing them to another. Fate is where they believe that little can be done about their lives, they take it as being lucky or in luck, and unlucky or jinxed(Goode 108). The lower class males can feel larger events in life are governed by forces outside, beyond their control. To try and alter this â€Å"fate† they play games of chance, such as the lotto. They also part take in â€Å"luck changing rituals† in hopes of giving them luck, for example, picking up a penny on heads because it is said that it is lucky. Trouble has a range of meanings; trouble in one of its aspects represents a situation or a kind of behavior which results in unwelcome or complicating involvement with official authorities or agencies of middle class society(Goode 104). This means trouble is about provoking agents of larger society and to not get caught doing so, but if you are caught you are expected to â€Å"take it like a man. †It is important to note that the choice betweenâ€Å"law-abiding† and â€Å"non-law-abiding† behavior is still a choice within lower class culture(Goode 105-106). Finally autonomy, which is the extent and nature of control over the behavior of the individual. This focal concern carries over from mental toughness, the male is self-governed and fiercely independent. It is an â€Å"no one’s gonna push me around† attitude(Goode 109). Carlito’s Way is a movie directed by Brian De Palma which displays Miller’s focal concerns. Al Pacino plays Carlito Brigante, a convicted criminal who, thanks to the assistance of his lawyer Dave Kleinfeld, has had his 30-year prison sentence overturned on a technicality. But as Carlito gets back onto the streets of 1975 New York, he realizes that five years in jail is still an awfully long time for a once respected and feared gangster. Fashions have changed. Music has changed. There’s a new generation of criminal on the streets, which is as arrogant and aggressive as Carlito was back in his day. Carlito resolves to go straight, but fate conspires against him. His cousin is killed in a drug deal gone wrong, and his opportunistic way of getting a considerable amount k of cash allows him to get a local nightclub, but also puts him back on the radar of the local lowlifes. Meanwhile, Carlitos sense of loyalty leaves him feeling in debt to Kleinfeld, who’s become involved with a world of coke and corruption during Carlito’s time in. .u8fb8b534f36409a716092eafa0cf12ce , .u8fb8b534f36409a716092eafa0cf12ce .postImageUrl , .u8fb8b534f36409a716092eafa0cf12ce .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8fb8b534f36409a716092eafa0cf12ce , .u8fb8b534f36409a716092eafa0cf12ce:hover , .u8fb8b534f36409a716092eafa0cf12ce:visited , .u8fb8b534f36409a716092eafa0cf12ce:active { border:0!important; } .u8fb8b534f36409a716092eafa0cf12ce .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8fb8b534f36409a716092eafa0cf12ce { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8fb8b534f36409a716092eafa0cf12ce:active , .u8fb8b534f36409a716092eafa0cf12ce:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8fb8b534f36409a716092eafa0cf12ce .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8fb8b534f36409a716092eafa0cf12ce .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8fb8b534f36409a716092eafa0cf12ce .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8fb8b534f36409a716092eafa0cf12ce .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8fb8b534f36409a716092eafa0cf12ce:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8fb8b534f36409a716092eafa0cf12ce .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8fb8b534f36409a716092eafa0cf12ce .u8fb8b534f36409a716092eafa0cf12ce-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8fb8b534f36409a716092eafa0cf12ce:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Actors Chinedu Ikedieze and Osita Iheme EssayAn attempt to bust an Italian mobster out of prison goes wrong, just as Carlito plans to retreat to the Caribbean with his lover Gail. The focal concern of toughness sticks out the most to me while watching the movie. Carlito wants to be straight but can not show that in the streets, he doesn’t want people thinking he has gone soft. He refuses to back down to fear and shows bravery during dangerous times, especially during the drug deal. He also shows the focal concern of toughness when it comes to the love of his life, Gail. He is sensitive towards her with his actions, and even in his tone of voice. But once Carlito is in the streets with his fellow gangsters, he shows the exaggerated masculinity. Carlito also shows â€Å"toughness† when he agrees to go with his cousin to make his drug deal. His cousin kept repeating how people wouldnt mess with him, and people would respect him if he walked in with â€Å"a legend. This showed the focal concern of toughness, because Carlito needed to live up to his reputation. As a part of subcultural theory, Miller saw the lower working class socialized into deviant subcultural values which he called â€Å"focal concerns. † Miller does not see the deviant behavior occurring due to the inability of the lower class groups to achieve success. He explains crime in the sense of the existence of a distinctive lower class subculture (Riveron). Bibliography: Goode, Erich. Lower Class Culture as a Generating Milieu of Gang Delinquency. Social Deviance. Upper Saddle River: Allyn and Bacon, 1996. 104-112. Print. Riveron, Claudia. Millers 6 Focal Concerns . John Jay College, . 26 Feb. 2015. Lecture.

Scarlet Ibis By James Hurst Essays - The Scarlet Ibis, Series

Scarlet Ibis By James Hurst In the short story The Scarlet Ibis by James Hurst, has various themes. A theme is a subject, topic or ideas that happen throughout a short story, essay, or a composition. The three themes in The Scarlet Ibis are Doodle never gives up, his older brother loves him and unforeseen things happen. One theme is that Doodle never gave up on the challenges of life. When he was born everybody thought that he would die, but several months after he was born they finally decided to name him. The doctor and his parents said that Doodle would never be able to get out of bed. To everyone's surprise when they put him on the floor he began to learn how to crawl, but he learned how to talk before he learned how to crawl. They also thought that he could never walk because he was so small and fragile. Doodle learned how to walk. It took while for him to learn, but he did it and never gave up. Another theme is that his older brother loves him. Despite the fact that he embarrasses his older brother he still takes the time to teaching him how to walk. He also takes Doodle every where with him. His older brother shows him love by talking about the future and giving Doodle hope. His brother never gave up on Doodle, he kept pushing him and teaching him to walk. When Doodle died his older brother was a great loss because even though Doodle embarrassed him, he still had spent all his spear time with him. Lastly, a theme in the story is that unforeseen things happen. The fact that Doodle lived as long has he did was very unexpected. When he was born the parents bought him a small coffin. Then they waited three months to name him. They did not even think he would live a couple of days, never mind years. Once they realized he was going to live they did not expect him to get out of bed. Once again they were wrong. Doodle learned to talk, crawl and walk. Basically everything that Doodle did was very unexpected. Themes in the short story help the reader to understand Doodle and his older brother. The themes are very important to the story because they show Doodle to be strong even though everybody thought he was weak. They also showed how his brother loved Doodle by teaching him many things and being more patient with him than his parents.